Legal Updates

Offer to purchase an apartment that is an MOU may be deemed an obligating agreement

May 26, 2015
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Published in Afik News 180 10.06.2015

אדם אשר ביקש לרכוש דירה מקבלן, שילם מקדמה וחתם יחד עם הקבלן על הצעה מפורטת לרכישת הדירה. מאוחר יותר הרוכש התבקש על ידי הקבלן לחתום על הסכם מפורט הכולל תנאים פחות טובים (לרוכש) מאשר אלו שפורטו בהצעת הרכישה. הרוכש סירב והקבלן מכר את הדירה לרוכש אחר בטענה כי ההצעה לא השתכללה לכדי חוזה מחייב.

בית המשפט חזר על ההלכות הידועות וקבע, כדי שניתן יהיה להסיק מן המסמך שנכרת חוזה, נדרשים ‏להתקיים שני יסודות מצטברים ברגע הכריתה: האחד, עליו ללמד ‏כי הצדדים גמרו בדעתם להתקשר בחוזה מחייב; והשני, על ‏ההסכמה להיות מסוימת די צרכה. כמו כן, נקבע כי "הסכם מוקדם" או "זיכרון דברים", אשר מטבע הדברים מפורט פחות מהסכם הפורמאלי הסופי, עשוי להיחשב כמחייב כל עוד הושגה בו הסכמה בנוגע לפרטים שהצדדים ראו בהם מהותיים לעסקה.

במקרה דנן, הצעת הרכישה נחזתה כהסכם לרכישת הדירה ולמצער כהסכם או ‏זיכרון דברים המחייב להתקשר בחוזה לרכישת הדירה. כך למשל, בהצעה נעשה שימוש במונחים כגון "המוכרת" ו‏‏"הקונים". הצעת הרכישה כללה גם זיהוי של הדירה, הן בחלקה ובגוש הן בכתובת, מספר ‏החדרים, הקומה והכיוונים ואף היה בה פירוט של כל התשלומים ומועדי התשלום. ‏התשלום הראשון אף שולם כ"מקדמה" על חשבון מחיר הדירה. ‏

לאור כך, בית המשפט חייב את הקבלן בתשלום פיצויים לרוכש.

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