Legal Updates

Employer-employee relationship of a director or shareholder will exist only if the work was different from the status in the corporation

August 9, 2015
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Published in Afik News 186 02.09.2015

אלמנתו של אדם ששימש מנהל, בעל מניות ודירקטור בחברה טענה כי העיזבון זכאי לזכויות של המנוח כעובד החברה. התביעה נדחתה.

בית הדין קבע, כי בניגוד למבחן ההשתלבות אותו יש להחיל במקרה של עובד רגיל, כשאדם הוא גם בעל מניות או דירקטור יש להחיל מבחן שונה לבדיקה האם מתקיימים יחסי עובד-מעביד. יש לבחון האם ניתן להבחין בין תפקידו ופעילותו של האדם כ'עובד' לבין פעילותו כדירקטור, בעל מניות או קרוב משפחה: במה עוסק אותו אדם 'בכובעו' כבעל העסק ובמה 'בכובעו' כעובד בעסק? האם אלמלא עבד אותו האדם בחברה כמנהל, הייתה החברה חייבת להעסיק מנהל אחר זולתו? האם אלמלא עבד אותו האדם כ'עובד', הייתה החברה חייבת להעסיק עובד אחר זולתו? האם יש עובד או עובדים אחרים בחברה המבצעים גם הם את אותה עבודה שמבצע ה'עובד'? ייתכנו מקרים בהם עובד או עובדים אחרים מבצעים את כל העבודה הנעשית בחברה. ועוד. כמו כן, כיצד ראה עצמו האדם, היינו – האם הוגדר כ'עובד' בחוזה עבודה? האם הציג עצמו כעובד או דירקטור? כיצד הוצהר עליו לביטוח לאומי? בחברה שאינה חברת יחיד, מי אחראי על קבלתו לעבודה של האדם ועל פיטוריו? וגם, האם הסדר ההעסקה בחברה הוא אמיתי או פיקציה והאם ניתן לקבוע מה היה 'שכרו' של האדם כ'עובד'?

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